Analisis Penetapan Awal Bulan Ramadhan Serta Bulan Syawal: Perspektif Nahdatul Ulama Dan Muhammadiyah

Abstract

The determination of the beginning of Ramadan and Syawal is a crucial aspect in the implementation of fasting and the celebration of Eid al-Fitr. This study aims to analyze the differences in methods of determining the beginning of the Qamariyah months between Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah in Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using interviews, field observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that NU applies the rukyat al-hilal method, supported by hisab, although rukyat practices in Mempawah have ceased since 2021 due to limited equipment. In contrast, Muhammadiyah adopts the hisab hakiki wujudul hilal method, which enables precise astronomical calculations, and since 2025 has implemented the Global Hijri Calendar (KHGT) as a long-term reference. These differences reflect distinct religious paradigms and scientific approaches, yet do not lead to social conflict. Instead, they demonstrate the dynamics of religious diversity and the importance of mutual respect in a plural society.