Teologi Mu’tazilah Dan Syi’ah

Abstract

Islamic theology developed in various schools, among which the most influential were the Mu'tazilah and Shi'a. The Mu'tazilah emerged in the 8th century AD with an emphasis on rationality in understanding religion. They emphasized the principle of God's justice (al-'adl), human freedom, and the rejection of forced destiny. The Mu'tazilah teachings considered reason as the main instrument in understanding God's revelation, and they rejected practices that were considered irrational. Meanwhile, the Shi'a developed with a primary focus on the concept of Imamah, which taught that only the descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib had the right to lead the Muslim community. This difference caused a major split in Islamic history regarding who had the right to lead the community after the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, and the Shi'a continued to grow rapidly, especially in Persia, and became the majority school in Iran to this day.